The Great Gatsby: Morality And Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

The Great Gatsby Morality and Gatsby     Morality is a very controversial issue. That is virtuoso of the reasons whatpeople are interested in indication about it. Morality can lead to many questionsessentially it can lead to the question between right and wrong. In The GreatGatsby pass Carraway is approach with a constant struggle between right and wrong.Truth is an issue of morality. "It all happened in a minute but it seemedto me that she wanted to speak to us, opinion we were somebody she knew."(Fitzgerald 151) Daisy and Gatsby tried to hide the fact that they hit andkilled Myrtle Wilson while driving home from New York. Nick Carraway, however,knew the truth and had to decide if he was going to help hide the truth or letDaisy and Gatsby suffer the consequences. I dont think that anybody saw usbut of course I cant be sure. (Fitzgerald 151). Gatsby matte up that he couldhide the car and with it he could hide the truth. The truth is that MyrtleWilso n was killed and Daisy and Gatsby are the ones to blame. They cannot hidethat truth.     The friendship between Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway is a questionableone and full of doubt. "He had seen me several times and had intended to callon me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it- subscribe Jay Gatsby." (Fitzgerald 45-46) The two had lived next door to eachother for awhile however, they had never associated. Therefore, along with theinvitation to the party there was some suspicion. Jay Gatsby is a very wealthyman. Nick Carraway, although he lives in West Egg, is not wealthy nor elegant.The two are certainly opposites. Gatsby and Carraway are bound to take

Inadequate Secondary Education in the United States :: Educational Learning School Essays

short(p) Secondary Education in the united States Tis education forms the common bear in mindJust as the twig is readiness the trees inclined.Pope Moral EssaysTwo years ago, I used to work at a photo shop in business district Philadelphia. Except for me, the only foreigner, there were five Ameri preempts working there. Once, we talked ab pop the American life in the beginning of the 20th century. To support my opinion, I used an usage from a short story called The Gift of the Magi by a famous American writer O. Henry. It was a real shocking experience for me to find out that nobody knew who O. Henry was or what he had done for the world literature.Since then, I met a lot of American nation with a lack of basic ethnical knowledge and, at the same time, with an outstanding professional expertise. Very quickly, I figured out that the root of this difficulty is in the secondary school education. The American secondary school pays too little attention to producing students with well-rounded education substituting the what with the how. Placing an undue emphasis on the methods of teaching and studying (the how) at the write down of the material being taught and studied (the what) makes the choice of what to teach of secondary importance. A weak and disintegrated curriculum is a spring of another problem. Excessive attention to the American culture and inadequate attention to the culture of the rest of the world lead American people to a preposterous confidence in the superiority of the American culture. However, the fact is that American high school graduates are ranked low compared to other countries (Bowsher, 146).Many people whitethorn say that I exaggerate the problem, because the fall in States is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world and this fact is directly associated with a quality education. As to some lack of cultural education, they say, it can be filled at the higher educational level in college. Thus, these proble ms cannot be so global. Unfortunately, they are plainly so global.Evidently, the college education in the United States retains high standards that enable the U.S. to maintain its technology at the cutting edge. But students coming from high schools are oftentimes not ready for a more(prenominal) advanced study and must waste their time in noncredit courses (Burstein, par. 1). Alexander Burstein, an Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the Iowa State University, describes his view of this situationInadequate Secondary Education in the United States Educational Learning School EssaysInadequate Secondary Education in the United States Tis education forms the common mindJust as the twig is bent the trees inclined.Pope Moral EssaysTwo years ago, I used to work at a photo shop in downtown Philadelphia. Except for me, the only foreigner, there were five Americans working there. Once, we talked about the American life in the beginning of the twentieth century. To support my opinion , I used an example from a short story called The Gift of the Magi by a famous American writer O. Henry. It was a very shocking experience for me to find out that nobody knew who O. Henry was or what he had done for the world literature.Since then, I met a lot of American people with a lack of basic cultural knowledge and, at the same time, with an outstanding professional expertise. Very quickly, I figured out that the root of this problem is in the secondary school education. The American secondary school pays too little attention to producing students with well-rounded education substituting the what with the how. Placing an undue emphasis on the methods of teaching and studying (the how) at the expense of the material being taught and studied (the what) makes the choice of what to teach of secondary importance. A weak and disintegrated curriculum is a source of another problem. Excessive attention to the American culture and inadequate attention to the culture of the rest of the world lead American people to a false confidence in the superiority of the American culture. However, the fact is that American high school graduates are ranked low compared to other countries (Bowsher, 146).Many people may say that I exaggerate the problem, because the United States is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world and this fact is directly associated with a quality education. As to some lack of cultural education, they say, it can be filled at the higher educational level in college. Thus, these problems cannot be so global. Unfortunately, they are just so global.Evidently, the college education in the United States retains high standards that enable the U.S. to maintain its technology at the cutting edge. But students coming from high schools are often not ready for a more advanced study and must waste their time in noncredit courses (Burstein, par. 1). Alexander Burstein, an Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the Iowa State University, descr ibes his view of this situation

Saint Augustine’s View on Sexuality Essay -- Religion

Saint Augustines View on Sexuality The famous bishop of Hippo, St. Augustine, is claimed as a cornerstone of Christian theology by both Catholics and Protestants. Many of his views are regarded by Christians as authoritative interpretations of the Bible because they have withstood heated debate passim the centuries. Christians ought to ask, however, whether such allegiance is justifiable in all cases. Augustines theme of sex after matrimony, for example, is very narrow, restricting actions and emotions married Christians today consider part of the debaucher of intercourse. A logical assertion then, is that Augustines view of sexuality, as delineated in many writings, is a response to his life of sensuality prior to salvation therefore, his idea about the intent for sex within marriage stems more from his former sin than from Biblical perspective. St. Augustines sordid lifestyle as a young man, revealed in Confessions, serves as a logical explanation for his limited view of the purpose of sexuality in marriage. His life from adolescence to age thirty-one was so united to rabid desire and sensual pleasure, that he later avoided approval of such emotions even within the sanctity of holy union. From the age of sixteen until he was freed of promiscuity cardinal years later, Augustines life was woven with a growing desire for illicit acts, until that desire finally became necessity and controlled his will. His lust for sex began in the bath houses of Tagaste, where he was idle without schooling and was tossed aboutand boiling over infornications (2.2). Also during that time, young Augustine displayed his preoccupation with sexual experience by fabricating vulgarities simply to impress his peers. In descript... ...Anderson, Douglas L., ed. Augustine. Nashville Broadman Press, 1979.Augustine. The Confessions of St. Augustine Books I-X. Trans. F.J. Sheed. New York Sheed & Ward, 1942.Babcock, William S., ed. The Ethics of St. Augustine. Atlanta Scholars P, 1991.Battenhouse, Roy W., ed. A Companion to the Study of St. Augustine. Grand RapidsBaker,1955.Halsall, Paul. St. Augustine From On Marriage and Concupiscence. Internet MedievalSource Book. Oct. 1998. 3 Nov. 2000 <http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/aug-marr.html.Hooker, Richard. wee Christianity Augustine. 6 Jun. 1999. 3 Nov. 2000<http//www.wsu.edu8080/dee/CHRIST/AUG.HTM.Oates, Whitney J., ed. Basic Writings of Saint Augustine. 1948. 2 vols. Grand RapidsBaker, 1980.Rist, John M. Augustine Ancient Thought Baptized. New York Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Caffeine :: essays research papers

CaffeineAs can be seen above, caffeine consists of two carbon/nitrogen rings with oxygen and methyl groups as substituents. The amalgamated rings are similar to those in adenine only the substituents differ. Caffeine is found in umber, tea, and many soft drinks. There is also some center of caffeine in chocolate, as well as a closely related stimulant, theobromine. The caffeine in sodas is generally produced from the cola berries, and is either a by-product of the cola flavoring or is added for flavor and stimulant ready. There are four ways in which caffeine stimulates the nervous system. Of these, one is of primary improtance. another(prenominal) has some level of importance, and the other two only occur at unrealistically high levels of caffeine in the body. The first of these methods, and the most important, is blocking adenosine receptors. As caffeine has a similar structure to the adenosine group, but also has more heavily electrophilic and nucleophilic functional groups t han adenosine as, for instance, seen in cyclic AMP. This means that caffeine will tally adenosine receptors as well as adenosine itself will. Thus, cyclic AMP remains active, rather than being broken down. Second among the effects of caffeine is phosphodiesterase inhibition. The phosphodiesterase class of enzymes includes a tally of enzymes responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP, thus depriving the body of an energy supply. Caffeine fools phosphodiesterase into attacking it instead, which inhibits the breakdown of cyclic AMP. However, the concentration of caffeine required for this effect to become significant is sufficiently high that the adenosine blocking remains the dominant factor. The other two laboratory effects of caffeine have been judged insignificant in actual biochemical situations. Caffeine can increase the speed of rapid information processing by 10% 1, and a cup of regular (caffeine-containing) coffee after lunch attend tos to counteract the normal post-lunch dip in ability to sustain concentration, aiding alertness 2. Research has also shown that a couple of cups of coffee help to improve alertness and concentration during night shift hours 3.

interculturalo event :: essays research papers

1)Describe the event, its purpose, the cultural group originating the event, and how you learned of the event.Believe it or not,(like everything else Ive written about in this course) my cultural event was Italian/American in nature. The event in question was the marriage of an American square away and an Italian bride. The brides family consisted, in large part, of grandparents and older relatives that had been born and raised in Italy. Obviously the younger relatives were primarily second and third generation Italians as well. The groom and his family, on the other hand, were American mutts. Their cultural background was extremely diluted, consisting of a multitude of cultural circumstances. Seeing as the American groom (Richard) proposed, I suppose the origin of the event could be considered American, although without the consent of the Italian bride(Tessa), there would be no espouse, so lets call it Italian/American in origin. My wife and I were invited to attend the wedding b y her great-aunt, who comes from the Italian side of the join. 2) What element(s), if either, is/are similar in your burnish?For the most part the wedding was just like any other American wedding. During the ceremony a couple of symbolic and superstitious traditions similar to American traditions were performed. First, whereas in American culture superstition dictates that the bride must have something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, the Italian groom carried a piece of metal in his suit pocket to ward off detestation eyes. I found the second action, one of symbolic nature, a bit odd. In American culture, couples frequently light unity candles to symbolize their lifetime union of happiness. The symbolic gesture in this wedding was a bit different though. The newly married couple smashed a vase, with the remaining pieces representing the number of long time the couple is expected to be happily married. I found this act kind of strange. Suppose the vase onl y broke into two or three pieces (it didnt, it shatter into hundreds). Such an occurrence would seem certain to dampen the enthusiasm for a superstitious couple. Aside from a couple of exceptions, the rest of the wedding was similar to any other wedding, with a buffet of food, cash bar, and a D.J. spinning records (or cds, as the case may be).3) What did you see and experience at this event that do you feel confident you understood accurately?

interculturalo event :: essays research papers

1)Describe the event, its purpose, the heathen group originating the event, and how you learned of the event.Believe it or not,(like everything else Ive written about in this course) my ethnic event was Italian/American in nature. The event in question was the marriage of an American groom and an Italian bride. The brides family consisted, in large part, of grandparents and older relatives that had been born and raised in Italy. Obviously the younger relatives were primarily second and third generation Italians as well. The groom and his family, on the other hand, were American mutts. Their cultural background was extremely diluted, consisting of a multitude of cultural circumstances. Seeing as the American groom (Richard) proposed, I suppose the origin of the event could be considered American, although without the take over of the Italian bride(Tessa), there would be no spousal, so lets call it Italian/American in origin. My wife and I were invited to attend the wedding by he r great-aunt, who comes from the Italian side of the union. 2) What element(s), if any, is/are similar in your culture?For the most part the wedding was just like any other American wedding. During the ceremony a couple of symbolic and superstitious traditions similar to American traditions were performed. First, whereas in American culture superstition dictates that the bride must have something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, the Italian groom carried a piece of metal in his suit pocket to ward off evil eyes. I found the second action, one of symbolic nature, a bit odd. In American culture, couples frequently light unity candles to symbolize their lifetime union of happiness. The symbolic gesture in this wedding was a bit different though. The newly married couple smashed a vase, with the remaining pieces representing the number of years the couple is expected to be happily married. I found this act kind of strange. Suppose the vase only broke into two or three pieces (it didnt, it shattered into hundreds). Such an occurrence would seem certain to smash the enthusiasm for a superstitious couple. Aside from a couple of exceptions, the rest of the wedding was similar to any other wedding, with a buffet of food, cash bar, and a D.J. spinning records (or cds, as the case may be).3) What did you see and experience at this event that made you feel confident you understood accurately?

Islamic Country Business Practice Are Differ from Us Essay

Do I thing military control practices in Moslem acres atomic number 18 resemblingly to differ from care practices in the united States? If so how?Yes, I agree with this statement that line of harvest-festivals practices in Islamic country are differ from business practices in the United States.When a business shaping is capable and qualified enough to meet up the national demand then they can operate business crossing to the border. When a company operates is business activities more than one country having its own branch office in the host countries then it can be called international business. As multinational business is operated in more than one country so there must be an influence of the several host countries to operation and functional activities of the business. When business practices are doing amid Islamic country and United States that time we faces some different between those countries. And those are as conservesLanguage is the first and foremost aspects of international business. As e really country has its own words. They obviously prefer that their language is highly evaluated. Moreover to make them understand it is better to express them in their own language. For Islamic country their local language is Arabic, Hebrew etc. and on the other hand English is the local language in U.S. if they each other language then as a result their profitability will be increased and the growth of the business practices is ensured.Laws are based on the Moslem blessed Book, the Quran. The system is often known as Sharia but their business rules and regulation are not so strict. In United states their laws are very strict for export their product in other countries for this strict rules and regulation it decreased other countries to import product from them. It make difficult to business practices between Islamic country and United States.Religion is also an essential part of a countrys culture which influences business. Islamic countries people ar e Muslim religious and U.S. people are as Christians, Jews religious. If we want to express it in the way of fashion like western fashion and eastern fashion. Muslim countries like to weal long veil or covered dress whether the western countries like to wear short dress pattern.Islamic countries people are pray five times in a day, they doing fast a whole month of Ramadan, and they follow Friday as holiday. But in U.S. countries celebrate Christmas day and they follow Sunday as holiday. And those different make critical to business practices between Islamic countries and United States. Education also plays a vital role in their purchasing power as hygienic as their attitude and consumption patterns too. If they people are educated in a country the income level and gauge awareness must be higher. They will not be price biased rather than they would be quality biased. This thing also differ business practices between Islamic country and United States.The Islamic countries people ar e tend to be very hospitable and regard treating guests with generosity and warmth as a point of personal honor. The common practice in Islamic country is to shake hand at first meeting and again upon leaving. In Islamic country people maintain closer physical proximity while taking and conversation often involve more physical tie than is common in the United States. When a guest in an Arab persons home, avoid giving gifts of food or drink. Through this may be common practice in the United States, in the Middle East such gifts imply that the host is inadequate.Product acceptability is also a study point for business practices in different country. Like hard drinks and poke types of product are not allowed in Muslim country but those types of product are available and allow in United States. So its also being a different between Islamic country and United States business practices.The weather pattern is also an important aspect of international business practices. For example the c lothing pattern of cold country and the high temperature country will not be same. As well as the cosmetics pattern of the clod and hot weather country will not be same. to the highest degree of the Islamic country weather is hot so when U.S. goes for their business practices those countries they must match the weather.Business practices are also differing by population, income rate, economic growth rate, hereditary pattern so many things are related with business.In fine it can be said that to operate international business efficiently we must clear sufficient knowledge of their cultural pattern, their attitude, buying pattern, behavior, response to a decision, sensitive issues of their culture, their belief, and always be prepared to handle any sorts of uncertainty to overcome them. because we can hope the growth of the business firm in the foreign country in competitive environment and their changing pattern as well durability.

Legal Drinking Age English Essay Rough Draft

Alcohol is used for many reasons among people. Teen long timers and underage drinkers are known to drink for the following rebellion, mates pressure, celebration, insomnia, anxiety, sadness, and boredom are just a few. Currently, the reasoned drinking age is 21. Im not sure what the reasoning is behind this law, notwithstanding if drinking is lowered to 18, Im authoritative the underage drinking percentage would decrease drastically. Freedom. Thats what the States is known for Land of the free. When you turn 18, your legally considered an adult.You can buy cigarettes, you can vote, you can shrink married, buy pornography, make believe babies, and join, fight, and die for your country. So if your considered mature enough to have all of these responsibilities, shouldnt you be able to consume alcohol too? The legal drinking age has been set at 21. The political sympathies set the legal drinking age to 21 to prevent drunk driving and other problems they saddle on irresponsible drinking. The government shouldnt decide when someone is responsible to drink because even many adults arent responsible enough to know their limits.Drunk driving classes and alcohol consumption classes should be taught in schools so kids have an understanding on what alcohol can lead to and how to drink responsibly. Turning 21 doesnt make you any more responsible or knowledgeable about alcohol than at age 18. Lowering the drinking age to 18 would process because there would be less underage drinkers and less of a need to feel mature and accepted by teens. A study shows that 87% of gamey school seniors have consumed alcohol. This means that from the ages 17-19 people are already drinking.Seniors in high school and other underage drinkers consume alcohol for many reasons. Rebellion, celebration, peer pressure, insomnia, anxiety and boredom are just a few reasons, however, the biggest reason is rebellion. Teenagers dont feel like they are being treated sensibly by the government be cause they are considered adults and they are being denied the right to drink, so they rebel. Not only do they rebel to make a point but they are rebelling because of the excitement they get when they know they are breaking the law and also because drinking is a symbol of maturity. A study conducted by Dr.Ruth Engs shows that drinking is more exciting when its illegal and that we as Americans should be more focused on safe drinking instead of age restrictions. If the drinking age was to be lowered to 18, the temptation to drink would decrease because it would be accepted and people would no longer get that excitement and thrill from breaking the law. The U. S. government is concerned about the number of drunk drivers and irresponsible drinking so they made the legal drinking age higher. If you look at Britain, they dont have a drinking age and France has a minimum drinking age of 8 neither of which having a problem with drunk driving.On the other hand, America has a minimum drinkin g age of 21 and our problem with drunk driving is considered to be the worst in the industrialized world. We can see that the 21 minimum drinking age is having a negative effect on the U. S. , yet we keep it the same and expect different results. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will make it so there are less irresponsible drinking and underage drinkers. 18-year-olds will have a feeling of adulthood and they will feel accepted. I think drinking will become more casual and social more than it is now and people will have less temptation to drink heavily and irresponsibly.

History of Panama Canal Essay

Christopher Columbus was on his fourth voyage and he was looking for a way to China. Thats when he came across the country named Panama, which stretches only 60 miles, where he found Indians who had tons of gold. But he was looking for a way to China so he sent his brother Bartholomew to search for more gold. At first Indians were willing to lead the Spaniards to the gold, only if eventually they got tired and led the Spanish rearward to the coast. When the Indians did this they were abused. Eventually the Indians fought back and drove of the Spanish.Balboa is one of the people who found tons of gold and sent it back to Spain, but saved a lot for himself. With his wages he decided to Balboa decided to settle in Hispaniola as a planter. But after some time he ended up in debt and had to abandon his life as a planter. Trying to escape his creditors Balboa hid in a ship and tried to escape, from Santo Domingo to San Sebastian, and was successful. When they arrived at San Sebastian, t hey discovered that it had been burned to the ground. Balboa convinced the others to expire southwest with him to a spot he had seen on his earlier expedition.In 1511, Balboa founded a colony, the first European settle handst in South America the townsfolk of Santa Maria de la Antigua del Darien. Balboa married the daughter of Careta, the local Indian chief. Soon after, in 1513, he sailed with hundreds of Spaniards and Indians across the Gulf of Uraba to the Darien Peninsula. Balboa headed an overland expedition west through very dense rainforests. Along the way they fought many local Indians and destroyed one Indian village, killing hundreds of Indians. Balboa was the first European to see the eastern fragmentize of the pacific Ocean.Balboa and his men then traveled to the ocean and claimed it and all the land that touched it for Spain. The underframeing of the Panama canalise came to light during the 1530s. As they began to transport their riches back to the Spanish homel and, they were always fire in more efficient routes. It was suggested to Spanish Ruler Charles V that Panama might serve as an saint place to construct a water passage joining the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This would considerably cut the time it took to otherwise sail around the gray edge of South America.But wars back home put the idea on hold. In 1845 French company called the Compagnie de Panama treasured a stun built by Colombia across stria and administer it for 99 years. til now in 1848 they couldnt pay for it and lost their rights regarding the coerce. In 1848 the California gold zip occurred. This alone caused heavy traffic across the Isthmus of Panama. Later that year in December, U. S Company, the Panama railroad company negotiated a new constrict with Bogota, Colombia to build the railroad across the Isthmus in 6 years.Part of the contract said that the trip would be guaranteed in less than 12 hours. The railroad was built and completed the journey in 4 ? hou rs. But Matthew Fontaine Maury, leading U. S. government scientist wrote to congress that the railroad Isthmus of Panama will lead to the twirl of a ship canal between the two oceans, for a railroad cant do the business which commerce will require it. line was expensive it cost $250 in gold to ride the 47 miles. It cost 10-15 cents a pound to carry a passengers baggage.Express freight rate and merchandise was charged $1. 80 per cubic foot. Railroad Company made more than $7 million. This was too expensive for normal people and Maurys manner of speaking of 1849 came true as men from around the world began to arrive to build the Panama Canal. The first country to try and build the canal was France. Ferdinand de Lesseps, who supervised the Suez Canal, was interested in building the Panama Canal. He joined several French businessmen to form a private company with an impressive name the Societe Civile Internationale du Canal Interuceanique du Darien.The societe sent Lucien Napoleon- Bon parte Wyse, grandnephew of the 1st French emperor, Napoleon Bon parte to Panama in early November 1876, to survey the site for a canal and, more important, to secure the permission of Colombia for such a project. Colombian government and Wyse had an agreement. That for an initial payment of nearly $200,000 as well as yearly rental fee, societe was granted permission to build and administer a canal for 99 year lease. Colombia gave societe a belt of land 200 meter wide across the entire width of Panama. However at the end of 99 years the canal and land would be returned to Colombia.In 1873 U. S. had conducted surveys of a potential route across Panama, but had rejected it. Wyes neer did surveys, and decided to use the notes of U. S. surveys instead. After that he left Panama for home to report to Lesseps. The French plan was simple a channel across the Isthmus at sea level. They would follow a route that ran close to the existing Panama railroad. They planned to use the railroad to transport supplies and haul away the excavated dirt. formerly the excavation had reached sea level the canal itself would be dug another 27 ? feet deep, and 72 feet deep at its bottom.They planned to complete the canal in 12 years. However the idea of sea level canal was impossible to achieve. Charges river valley, through which and canal would have to go through stood at an altitude of 80-100 feet above sea level. Nobody including de Lesseps ignored this problem and said it was not serious. However the French never finished the sea level canal. 1000s of men died of malaria, yellow fever and other diseases. Eventually in 1889 the French court also tell the French canal company was bankrupt. In 1903 Panama declared its independence from Colombia and wins it with the help of U.S. Soon the Hay- Bunau Varilla treaty was signed which gave U. S. the right to build a canal through Panama.At this time President Roosevelt was in charge. Roosevelt wanted to build the canal to increase Americas navy power, and it made the trip from the east coast to the west coast of the U. S. much shorter than the route interpreted around the tip of South America. 1904, the Americans first year in Panama, mirrored the French disaster. The chief engineer, John Findlay Wallace, neglected to organize the effort or to recrudesce an action plan.The food was putrid, the living conditions abysmal. Political red tape put a stranglehold on appropriations. Disease struck, and three out of four Americans schedule passage home. Engineer Wallace soon followed. The Americans had poured $128 million into the swamps of Panama, to very little effect. Wallaces replacement was John Stevens. Stevens had built the Great Northern Railroad across the Pacific Northwest. In rough territory from Canada to Mexico, he had proven his tenacity. And his new plan of action would ultimately save the canal. Stevens began work not by digging, but by cleaning.Thanks to the work of WILLIAM GORGAS, the threats of yellow fever and malaria were greatly diminished. Then on February 12, 1907, a dispirited Chief Engineer Stevens resigned, and Goethals took over as the chief engineer. Colonel George capital letter Goethals, an Army engineer with experience building lock-type canals, assumed the Chief Engineers post. Demanding and rigidly organized, Goethals quickly picked up where Stevens left off. America had to face a couple of problems. First they had to dig at the Culebra Cut, where 100,000,000 cubic yards of earth and rock would have to be removed.The workers there made ten cents an hour moved as much as 200 trainloads of spoil a day. When mudslides filled the Cut repeatedly, Goethals simply ordered it dug out again. There were accidents of all sorts, lost equipment, and deaths, but there was progress. The engineering problems were enormous. Because the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are at different elevations, a series of three sets of water-filled chambers, called locks, that raise and lowe r ships from one level to the next, had to be excavated and constructed.

Peer College Counselor

There are m either traits that define mass, and about people share the majority of those traits. However, there are few traits that are unique, special, and rare. The ability to step up when it is required and be a valuable leader is nonpareil of them, and I am fortunate enough to have this trait. If a situation ever becomes tough or confusing and people need someone to go through them, I am always happy to accept that osition.I can think quickly on my feet and am able to remain calm and clear- minded in stressful situations. I believe that this trait puts me ahead of my fellow applicants because I understand the stress of being a high school student and I understand how to cope with such stress. Another significant trait of mine is that I am extremely personable and exceptionally easy to talk to. Whenever any of my friends have problems, whether it e in school, home life, or socially, I pride myself on the fact that I am fully capable of being there for them in their time of ne ed.For instance, my sister had recently broken up with her boyfriend of over three years, and she was hysteric. She wouldnt smile, laugh, or even leave the house for at to the lowest degree a week. Everyday, I would clear my schedule Just to be with her, sit with her, and talk with her. I let her express every emotion and concern she was feeling, and, most importantly, I gave her the pportunity to speak freely.After that period, she couldnt stop thanking me for being there for her and being so easy to talk to. I believe this trait will be important in being a peer college counselor because, no matter what my peers will need, I know that I will be there for them. From what I have mentioned, I hope to have given you an accurate and positive image of the type of person I am. Im a hardworking, determined individual and I hope you consider that during this application process.

Operating Systems Essay

Interfaces that be graphical in nature ar cognize either as lifelike User Interfaces(GUI) or WIMP interfaces (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer). Typically, these graphemes of interfaces ar in stock(predicate) in multi-programming environments or in applications software that involve a considerable degree of complexity. In a GUI, at that place are A window for each open application. M some(prenominal) windows can be open at the same time but only(prenominal) one window can be vigorous at any one time. There may be some way of indicating which one is active (perhaps by making the bar at the top of the active window blue).Menus and icons. Available functions can be selected in one of two ways, either by utilise pop-up menus or drop-down menus, or clicking on icons. An icon is simply a small picture that represents a specific function- clicking on it selects that function. A pointing device, usually a mo usage but in certain circumstances a graphical tablet and pen can be em ploy. These are used to make selections. The use of the keyboard to navigate through the application is minimized because it is relatively time-consuming way of working. Natural language.Natural language interfaces are those that allow the user to communicate in their native language, such as English. It allows the user to instruct the computer without need for a particular syntax. The musical arrangement ineluctably to be able both(prenominal) to interpret inputs in natural language from the user, and to act upon them, and, in any case preferably to generate natural language statements in response to user input. Sometimes it is also referred as a conversational interface. The questions are displayed on the VDU and the answers are entered via the keyboard. For example, imagine a user has initiated a save file request.The conversation magnate be COMPWhats the file name? USER chapter1. txt COMPwhat folder? USER userguide COMPFile already exists. Overwrite? USERYes COMP Done. This kind of interface can be found on data entry landmarkinals and other types of dumb considerationinals connected to a network where non-experts users are guided through the complex tasks they need to suffice by the computer. rule frontier Command based interface is one where the user types a series of commands at the keyboard which tell the computer what their intentions are. It is also known as linguistic manipulation.The characteristics of a command based interface are the user needs to know what commands are available the user needs to sympathize the commands Characteristics of a command based interface 1) The system is precise much more open than in the other types of interface. Other interfaces informalityrict the options that the user has available to them. This can be particularly all important(p) for the system manager because different users can only be allowed to have access to specific parts of the system. 2) Command based interfaces can only be used by computer literate people because the user need to understand the commands and their uses.1. Define what is meant by the term operating system. (2) 2. Give two reasons why an operating system is likely to be stored on backing storage kind of than in the memory of the computer. (2) 3. mention between a multi-programming and a multi-access operating system. (2) 4. State what is meant by a distributed system, and give an advantage of this type of multi-access system over a simple network of machines. (2) 5. A computer floozy takes phone calls from the public who ring up asking whether a particular item in a catalogue is available.The operator needs to type in a series of responses to questions put to the caller, so that the computer can check the file and determine whether there are any of that item available. Design a screen interface that would be suitable for the operator to use. (4) 6. The technician responsible for maintaining the system in question 5, uses a command line interface. a) Explain what is meant by a command line interface. (2) b) Give two advantages and one disadvantage to the technician of using a command line interface rather than a menu based interface. (3)Answers 1 A. -A (suite of) programs-which run the basic functions of the computer -giving an environment in which to run application software. A question which begins with the word define, leaves very little room for manoeuvre because it is asking for a standard answer. This is not an opportunity to show your prowess by making up an answer that is original- there arent any. watch over, also, the fact that three answers have been given. Always try to give one more answer than seems to be required by the question. If you look at a mark scheme for an examination paper, the mark points are listed as a set of bullet points so there is no reason why you should not do the same.This style of answer helps you to write down your thoughts easily without getting confused by the language. The purpose of this examination is not to test your powerfulness with English, rather to test your knowledge of computing. 2 A. A full operating system requires a large amount of storage space that is better employ in the computer memory for applications Storage of the operating system on backing storage allows for easy upgrading or changing from one system to a different one. Note that the temptation to call the operating system the O. S. has been resisted in the answer.In general, do not use contractions in your answers. There are exceptions, where the abbreviation is the accepted form, but your own versions may be ambiguous or, even, not understood by the examiner. If you do need to use an abbreviation, because the term is to be used a number of times, give the term in full with the abbreviation that you want to use in brackets after it. For example, the first time that you use the term operating system write operating system (OS) you can then use OS as often as you like in the rest of your answer. 3. A. A multi-programming operating system is one where the user of the machine is given the impression that they can carry out more than one task at a time. A multi-access operating system is one where it is possible for more than one user to access the system apparently at the same time. Note that there are a large number of points that could have been made about both of these operating systems, but most of them would not answer the question. It is important when answering a question starting with distinguish to choose facts that show a comparison. 4 A. A distributed system is one which uses many storage locations on different machines to store software and files. Access to files can be speeded up because more than one file command can be carried out at a time. When an advantage is asked for it is normal to state in the question, either explicitly or implicitly, with what the comparison should be made. Be careful to give an advantage using this comparison and not a more generalised one. 5 A. Form type interface Catalogue number Space for the description of goods which will be filled in by the computer itself Spaces for computer to produce availability and price Laid out with spaces for input. What is just as important here are the things that would not be on the screen. The question makes it quite clear that there is no ordering going on, so spaces for name and address, or method of payment, are not only going to score no marks, but will probably be penalised because they demonstrate that the candidate has not understood the question. In this type of question it is important to demonstrate that you have taken the situation into account. 6 A. a)-Series of commands typed at a screen prompt -which give specific instructions to the computer. b)Advantages-Entire system is available to the technician -Access to the particular part of the system required is gained more quickly than using other types of interface. Disadvantage -The technician needs to know the commands that are available -The technician needs to understand the way the system is designed so that it can be navigated efficiently. Note. The language used in this answer is not the sort of language that a candidate will use in an examination. Dont worry about this. Answers like so that you can get around the system are perfectly acceptable. System Software James Leong Mook Seng.

Collisions Lab

Collisions in Two Dimensions Abstract This lab was conducted to investigate the theories of conservation of impetus and kinetic heftiness in distinct types of 2D collisions. In order to do this, both an elastic and nonresilient collision was conducted on an air table with pucks. A tv was taken and analyzed to determine velocity, al unkepting for future finding of momentum and kinetic competency values. By finding these, it was possible to determine which kind of collision took place. With low values of alter in momentum and kinetic cypher that occurred in elastic collisions, it is understood that both are conserve in this type of collision.However, in the inelastic collision, momentum is conserved while kinetic energy is not. Possible error in this lab may have resulted from the neglect of friction and rotational kinetic energy. Overall, however, the results matched up well with the expected values. The objective of the lab was therefore met. Objective The objective of this lab is to support that momentum will be conserved in all forms of collisions, and that kinetic energy will be conserved only in elastic collisions. Materials Materials used in this lab were a video recording camera, an air table with pucks and Velcro bands, and Logger Pro software.Procedure Videos of collisions of air hockey pucks will be recorded onto the computers hard drive. Two different types of collisions will be analyzed. The first will be near-elastic, with apiece puck going separate directions later the collision. The other type is completely inelastic with each buck bearing Velcro so as to stick together upon collision. The first collision requires first setting an origin on the video. Using the go by Scale tool, a distance scale will be set. Trajectory of the center puck is marked and an arbitrary time is picked at which entropy will begin being extracted.Points will thence be added one frame at a time until enough measurements are taken before and after the collisi on. This is then repeated on the incident puck. This is done for both the center and the white dot on each puck. This data is automatically entered into Logger Pro. The data sets are then graphed. Straight lines are fitted to the graphs to determine the velocities , wich will be used to determine angular speed of the pucks rotation. A young video will be analyzed in part two. In this collision the position of the center of mass of both pucks will be tracked, along with the position of the center of one of the pucks.This will result in 8 sets of data points. Linear fits are used to determine the velocity components of each. Radius is then used to calculate angular velocity. Results ELASTIC COLLISION Mass 1 Mass 2 V1ix V1iy V1fx V1fy V2fx V2fy 0. 05 0. 05 2. 557 1. 511 0. 077 1. 056 2. 488 0. 3909 Errors 0. 003525 0. 003886 0. 002806 0. 003190 0. 00481 0. 003588 P1ix P1iy P1i P2ix P2iy P2i Pi amount 0. 1279 0. 0756 0. 04174 0 0 0 0. 04174 Errors 0. 0001061 0 0. 0001 061 P1fx P1fy P1f P2fx P2fy P2f Pf Tot ? P ? P/Pi 0. 1654 0. 03378 0. 03761 0. 01316 -0. 00198 0. 01331 0. 05092 0. 00918 0. 2199 Errors 0. 001665 0. 000224 0. 00168 KE1i KE2i KEi Tot KE1f KE2f KEf Tot ? KE ? KE/KEi 0. 01767 0 0. 01767 0. 01435 0. 001796 0. 01615 -0. 00152 -0. 08602 INELASTIC COLLISION Mass 1 Diameter 1 Mass 2 Diameter 2 V1ix V1iy V1fx V1fy V2Fx V2Fy 0. 052 . 05 0. 052 0. 05 1. 361 1. 231 0. 7372 0. 9625 0. 5867 0. 9481 Errors . 007372 . 005637 . 04805 . 02558 . 007288 . 02936 P1ix P1iy P1i P2ix P2iy P2i Pi Tot 0. 2832 0. 02731 0. 03934 0 0 0 0. 03934 Errors 0. 000164 0 0. 000164 P1fx P1fy P1f P2fx P2fy P2f Pf Tot ? P ? P/Pi 0. 01479 0. 01901 0. 02409 0. 02274 0. 02443 0. 03338 0. 03338 -0. 00596 -0. 1515 Errors 0. 000242 0. 000243 0. 000343 ? KE1i KE2i KE rot i KEi Tot KEf lin = KE1f = KE2f KEf Rot KEf Tot ? KE ? KE/KEi 3. 27 0. 015 0 0 0. 015 0. 005387 0. 003397 0. 008784 -0. 00622 -0. 4144 Data Analysis Angular Ve locity =vr Conservation of caprice Elastic x-component 1v1ix+m2v2ix=m1v1fx+m2v2fx 502. 557+500=50. 077+502. 488 127. 85=128. 25 Error. 311% y-component m1v1iy+m2v2iy=m1v1fy+m2v2fy 501. 511+500=501. 056+50. 3909 75. 55=72. 345 Error4. 24% Inelastic x-component 50(1. 361)+50(0)=50(. 7372)+50(. 5867) 68. 05=66. 2 Error2. 8% y-component 50(1. 231)+50(0)=50(. 9625)+50(. 9481) 109. 675=95. 53 Error12. 9% Conservation of Kinetic free energy 12m1v1i2+12m2v2i2+12I11i2+12I12i2= 12m1v1f2+12m2v2f2+12I11f2+12I12f2 12506. 54+1250(0)+12(15625)(. 01)+12(15625)(. 003)= 12(50)(. 006)+12(50)(6. 19)+12(15625)(. 0018)+12(15625)(. 0002) 265. 0625=270 Masses measured in kg*Velocities measured in m/s *Momentums measured in kgm/s*Energies measured in J * ? measured in rad/s Discussion The theories of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy in collisions in two dimensions were supported in this lab. While conservation of momentum was supported through both elastic and inelastic equations, conse rvation of energy was supported only through elastic collisions. Rotational kinetic energy also played a role in the results. The theories are highly supported due to the low amount of error present in this lab.In calculating the final results of kinetic energy and momentum, mass and velocity measurements were used. Momentum and kinetic energy are variables dependent on those of mass and velocity, the independent variables. Because the graphs were position vs. time graphs, the velocity could be derived by looking at the slope. Because the change in momentum in the elastic equation was a relatively small change, momentum in this collision was proven to be conserved. Kinetic energy was also conserved, as is characteristic of elastic collisions, with another very small change.As expected, momentum was also conserved for the inelastic collision. Although the change in kinetic energy was small, the fact that there was some change supports it being an inelastic collision. Energy was not c onserved, as expected. Some error in the lab could be contributed to the nearly (but not quite) frictionless air tables. Even slight friction may have affected the data. Another contributing factor to overall error could be the rotational kinetic energy not accounted for in the elastic collision, seeing as energy would have been added to the system.This error could be reduced or eliminated by taking rotational kinetic energy and friction into account. Conclusion The objective of this lab was to support the theories of conservation of momentum in both elastic and inelastic collisions, and to support the theory of kinetic energy conservation in elastic collisions. Because the changes in the values of kinetic energy and momentum were so small, they proved undistinguished and the theories were supported. Therefore, the objective of the lab was met.

Destruction Of The First Nations Culture By Indian Residential Schools

The Indian residential schools non merely were the cause of much agony to the outgrowth Nations batch during the 18 and 19 100s, but they leave besides extended this agony to solely coevalss that have followed. These schools have played a big function in the loss of traditions, linguistic communication, and beliefs that First Nations people held in such(prenominal) high respect through humiliation, force, and isolation.Anglican and Catholic churches managed the Indian residential Schools from the 1870 s to the early 1980 s by following the legislative authorization that they were given by the Canadian Government ( Meseyton, 2005 ) . Kipling and tough ( 2003 ) say that by 1930, 75 per cent of First Nations kids between the ages of 7 and 15 anile ages were enrolled in unrivaled of 80 such schools crosswise the state and in the 1940s, attending was expanded to include Inuit kids every bit good ( p.29 ) . There were astir(predicate) 150, 000 Frist Nations, Inuit, and Metis kid s taken from their emplacements and put in Indian Residential Schools ( CBC New, 2009 ) . In Nova Scotia, there was one Residential School for First Nations people, which resided in Shubenacadie. The Shubenacadie Residential School opened in 1930 and it closed its doors in June of 1967 ( Knockwood, 1992, Paul, 2006 ) .The object of the Indian Residential Schools were used as a subdivision of colonialism to absorb the First Nations people by destructing their civilization, linguistic communication, identity, history, and spiritualty ( Longboat, 1987 Meseyton, 2005 ) . fetching away the First Nations heritage was fulfiln to alter whom they were and do them intermix in to Canadian Society. Battiste ( 1986 ) expl personals that the Indian Residential Schools were evaluated based on their ability to transform the Indian ( p. 35 ) . This transmutation came with barbarous force and no respect to the kids s self-pride because they were portrayed as barbarians, pagans, heathens and wi ld Indians ( Knockwood, 1992 ) .The Shubenacadie Residential School followed the Nova Scotia course of study with a few alterations in the faith class and they were besides taught to be mortified of who they were ( Paul, 2006 ) . Paul ( 2006 ) besides says that the kids were taught about all the advantages of Caucasic life and all the immoralities of First Nations isolation, linguistic communication and civilization ( p. 283 ) . First Nations kids traveling into the residential schools were non allowed to express their ain linguistic communication. Knockwood ( 1992 ) says, Talking MiKmaw was non permitted in the school because it held kids back in the schoolroom in reading, articulating and composing English ( p. 26 ) . Taking the kids from their house plunk fors and coercing them non to talk their linguistic communication was the first stairss in winning away their individuality.Even though the churches and Government made the First Nations people believe that they had a pi ck to direct their kids to school, this was non the instance. Harmonizing to Daniel Paul ( 2006 ) , because of how the Indian Act was written, the kids were considered wards of the vest and did non abide Torahs to protect them so households could make nil. Families filled out signifiers to let their kids to go to these schools, but Paul ( 2006 ) says that it did non affair because these signifiers were merely window dressings and the Indian Agents did non pack the p arents permission and could make whatever they wanted with the kids.Maltreatment of the First Nations kids was normally used in the Indian Residential Schools for control and assimilation. The kids were forced to give up their individualities through whippings, menaces, and isolation. Isabelle Knockwood ( 1992 ) conducted an interview with Peter Julian, former pupil at the Shubenacadie Residential School, that said by the clip he left the school he was ashamed to talk his ain linguistic communication for the small spot that he could retrieve. Talking the MiKmaw linguistic communication was non the lone social function that brought on ill-usage. Isabelle Knockwood was besides a former pupil of the Shubenacadie Residential School. She can retrieve watching a nun shingle a small miss while shouting, Look at me because the nun did non recognize that direct oculus contact between a kid and an grownup was considered chesty in the native civilization ( Knockwood, 1992, p. 50 ) . The maltreatment made the kids forget about their civilization though fright. Knockwood ( 1992 ) says we were forcibly disconnected from everything our parents and seniors had taught us, and everything new was learned in an ambiance of fright ( p. 50 ) . At clock physical and sexual maltreatment was used together. The kids were being sexual abused by the nuns and priest and if they did non follow with it, they would be all in ( Knockwood, 1992 ) .Physical and sexual maltreatment was non the lone signifiers of penal ty used in the Indian Residential Schools. As stated earlier, isolation from households were besides used to absorb the First Nations kids. Children were non allowed to see their households frequently and for any(prenominal) they did non acquire to see their households at all because of the divergence distance to the school. During the Christmas interruption, the kids were forced to remain at the school alternatively of being place with their households ( Knockwood, 1992 Paul, 2006 ) . Even though the kids could non travel place for Christmas, they remember lovingly being able to pass it with their siblings that were at the school besides. Knockwood ( 1992 ) remembers this as the merely good thing about Christmas and says, we d acquire our nowadayss from place and acquire to sit with our br others and sisters ( p. 38 ) . However, Doug Knockwood remembers one Christmas were his male parent travelled to the school to convey Christmas gifts and the nuns refused to let the kids to hold them and made him take the gifts back place ( Knockwood, 1992 ) .Christmas is one of the major vacations where households are near. This was a manner to unplug the bonds between the kids and the parents and take away the felicity associated with it. The kids s gifts were the lone thing left that made them experience like kids. Harmonizing to Knockwood ( 1992 ) , the kids were merely allowed to play with their gifts until January 6 and so they were packed up and neer seen once more. Taking these gifts from the kids would be like taking them from their households once more because these gifts were the lone thing every twelvemonth that connected them to and reminded them of their households. legion(predicate) of the parents besides had trouble accepting that their kids could non pick out place for Christmas. These parents would compose letters or hire attorneies to acquire their kids place, but all they would have was ill-mannered letters from the school denying them ( Paul, 2006 ) . Other households stuck together as a community to seek to acquire their kids place. Paul ( 2006 ) explains briefly that the Cambridge Reserve hired a adult male to travel to the school to pick their kids up but the Principal would non allow them travel. These are illustrations of how determined the churches and Canadian Government were in absorbing the First Nations people.The Indian Residential Schools did non supply the instruction that other Nova Scotia schools provided. The pupils were taught really basic instruction and the remainder was manual of arms labor ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Learning merely the basic instruction was so First States people could acquire by life in society by understanding English, but non have excessively much instruction so they obtain callings such as attorney, instructors and physicians. make them make manual labor was in round manner killing two birds with one rock . The Government could absorb them into Western Society and non hold to pay anyon e to make the manual work at the school. The kids that attended these schools were non trained to make the work and most clip they were in the place to make manual work that was insecure. Knockwood ( 1992 ) describes that many of the kids got physically hurt because they were excessively little or untrained to run the machinery.There was really small clip to make anything sport at the school. Knockwood ( 1992 ) remembers being able to play baseball and traveling skating. For the kids that attended these schools, keeping on to the memories of these times is what helped them do it through each twenty-four hours. This was one of the times, other than Christmas, that the kids that had brothers or sisters at the school would acquire to see them even for merely a few proceedingss ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . These tactics were ways that the churches and Government thought would keep apart the kids and cut bonds with other household members.This was non the lone manner that the Indian Residenti al Schools managed to deprive First Nations kids of their individuality. The kids did non hold the chance to turn up and see what a normal household life would look like because they were at school for 10 months a twelvemonth with no parental contact other than letters, which were no usage, because they were written in English so the parents could non read them ( CBC News, 2009 ) . This farther goes to demo how isolation was used to take the bonds within the households so they could suit into Canadian society more expeditiously.There were besides residential twenty-four hours schools and some kids were move away to schools in other states so they would larn to reject their traditional cultural ways in favor of the life of the person in the dominant Canadian society ( Battiste, 1986, p. 36 ) . No affair where the First Nations kids were sent for instruction, the chief result the Canadian Government desired was assimilation of the Indian . Daniel Paul attended an Indian Day School on the Indian resist Reserve where assimilation was still in advancement ( Paul, 2006 ) Paul ( 2006 ) recalls his clip in this school and says he can non remember any attempt being made except for a brief mention to basket weaving and other traditional trades to learn us about heritage and civilization ( p. 291 ) . The deficiency of instruction of the First Nations heritage and civilization in the Indian twenty-four hours schools was merely another effort of the Canadian Government to absorb the First Nations people. socialization of the First Nations people did non travel like the Canadian Government planned. There are still First Nations people widely spread all across Canada. Did the Indian Residential Schools affect the First Nations civilization and their individuality? Harmonizing to Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) , the parents that grew up in Indian Residential Schools create what they call intergenerational Survivors by go throughing the injury they experienced down to their kids ( p. 51 ) . The effects of the schools non merely abnormal the First Nations people in them at the clip but for coevals to come. Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) explains this to be like a pebble dropped in a pool, traumatic effects tend to ruffle outward signifier victims to touch all those who surround them, including kids and grandchildren ( p. 51 ) .The survivors of the Indian Residential Schools neer had a opportunity to go near with their households and larn what healthy relationships were. Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) suggest that the force that the subsisters encountered at the schools was used towards their ain kids subsequently in their lives because they did non cognize how to show fondness. This is what causes a rhythm of maltreatment. Unless this rhythm is stopped, every coevals will endure the same sort of force from their parents. The maltreatment can besides stem from defeat. When kids were old plenty they returned place to their parents where they felt like th ey did non belong because they did non hold the accomplishments to aid their parents out and ended up going ashamed of who they were ( CBC News, 2009 ) .Not everyone experienced the same things in the Indian Residential Schools. Some First Nations people believe they learned valuable accomplishments such as talking English, how to maintain their places in good form, stitching, cookery and praying, while others thought it was the most atrocious topographic point to be ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Knockwood ( 1992 ) besides explains that some of the pupils thought the whippings were deserved, while some thought it was a safety from place because their parents abused them, and some pupils were the priests and nuns front-runners so they did non endure the penalties. Even though there were some First States people that seen the schools as a good topographic point to be while they were at that place, this did non halt the agony of the First Nations civilization and individuality.The First Natio ns civilization and linguistic communication are threatened because several coevalss of kids holding grown up in a scene where any manifestation of Aboriginality was disparaged and dissipated ( Kipling & A Stout, 2003, p. 34 ) . Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) besides suggest that many subsisters are seeking to get by with both the maltreatment they suffered at the Indian Residential Schools along with the loss of their civilization. First Nations communities need to lodge together to mend if they want to convey back the civilization and linguistic communication of their ascendants. Without the instruction of traditions and linguistic communication, the First Nations individuality will be wholly gone.Randolph Bowers considers himself a Mikmaq adult male that is seeking to detect his ain individuality while seeking to advert others understand themselves better by bring outing their ain individuality ( Bowers, 2008 ) . The Indian Residential School did non affect Arbors straight but h e states how it unnatural his household indirectly by statingMy household was non impacted by the residential school epoch straight. We were influenced indirectly. My grandma Honora Elizabeth Richard-Bowers lived during an epoch when the residential schools were enforced in Nova Scotia. For Metis households I suspect there was a changeless fright of authorities functionaries. Foster places, wards of the province, and residential schools were non far distant worlds for comparatively hapless Acadian households. Hiding their Aboriginal channel was most likely really necessary during the late 1800s and early 1900s ( Arbors, 2008, p.37 ) .This shows that the Frist Nations people did non hold to be forced into an Indian Residential School to be stark of their civilization and linguistic communication. Some of the households felt giving up their individuality was better than the alternate. Arbors ( 2008 ) goes on to state, My experience is of being a non-status Indian turning up in a h ousehold that had about lost our connexions to Aboriginal heritage and civilization. There was ever a nothingness in my bosom, a immense portion of me that was losing ( p. 29 ) .Arbors shows us that cognizing your heritage is of import in cognizing who you are. The grounds proves that the Indian Residential Schools took something from the First Nations people that was really of import to their individuality. It is of import for anyone to cognize who they are and where they came from, but for the First Nations people it is highly of import because happening their individuality though their traditions and linguistic communication aid mend the agony brought on by the Indian Residential Schools.Healing is an of import measure in recovering the civilization and linguistic communication of the First Nations people. Knockwood ( 1992 ) explains that it is of import that the subsisters of the Indian Residential Schools talk with other subsisters to assist with the healing procedure. Moayeri and Smith ( 2010 ) conducted interviews with two First States female parents that were former pupils at the Indian Residential Schools. These adult females have lost their individuality because of the maltreatment they suffered and the isolation they endured. In these interviews, the adult females explained that they were seeking to recover their individuality back by taking some power over their lives ( Moayeri & A Smith, 2010 ) . Many pupils are still seeking to mend themselves in one manner or another and with the support of their First Nations communities, the procedure of mending would profit the subsister every bit good as coevalss to come.In decision, the Indian Residential Schools along with other efforts of assimilation of the First Nations heritage, civilization, linguistic communication, and individuality have affected the First Nations people. Arbors ( 2008 ) says, We are Canadians, but if we do non cognize where we come from and who we are, we are nil ( p. 38 ) . Re connecting with the First Nations communities and larning about their lost heritage will assist mend the agony for the future coevalss of First Nations kids. Reclaiming their individualities will do the First Nations communities stronger to contend any other signifiers of assimilation that may happen in the hereafter.

Sex Education in the School

In immediatelys connection there is an on going debate over trip knocked aside(p) fostering and its influence on our children. The psyche is no longer should bring up culture be taught, but rather how it should be taught (DeCarlo). With teenage maternalism rates higher than ever and the imminent threat of the contraction of STDs, such(prenominal) as HIV, the role of trip education in the school is of greater importance now hence ever before. By denying children shake education you atomic number 18 in a sense sheltering them from the harsh realities they argon bound to encounter.Sex education has become an essential part of the curriculum and by removing the instruction provided by this class well be voluntarily putting our children in danger. During the teenage years every boy and girl undergo major changes in the body that most of the time read explaining. This underscores one of the most evident reasons for internal education universe taught to students. Sex educa tion ordure help children to cope with the many changes ca commitd by the onset of puberty. One such example is a females first menstruation and the uneasiness they feel.If this girl had been informed of this change prior to its onset, then her ability to accept and understand it would be greatly enhanced. Hormonal and physical changes in the body m early(a) without warning and a child needs to know why these changes be occurring. Students argon taught about the physical body of the human body and how and why it works the itinerary it does. Knowing and understanding how ones body works is a fundamental part any persons life-time and ability to gain this knowledge should non be removed. At the beginning of puberty hormones start eruptioning and all teenagers begin to experience devolve onual urges.Its not something anyone, including a parent or teacher, can control. Its a natural function of the body and has been since the beginning of time. With this hormone rush comes ex perimentation among teenagers. They begin to explore their bodies along with the bodies of other people. You cant prevent teenagers from having sex, no matter what you preach. If students are having sex they might as well do it the safe way. Its a way for schools to show that they actually care, says Shauna Ling-Choung (qt. Richardson When sex_ B1).Students need the support from schools to know they have somewhere to go for the good or bad. With sex education classes the students are taught about various methods of contraception, including abstinence. By teaching the students about the many types of contraception, the chance of contraceptives being used is greatly increased. Many schools have recently begun programs to distribute condoms to students in their schools in order to hopefully increase the use of condoms. A recent study shows that the availability of condoms in schools did in fact increase condom use. golosh access is a low-cost harmless addition to our current sex educa tion programs (Richardson Condoms in_ B8). When thinking of sex education for our children, the cliche better safe than sorry should immediately come to mind. Along with teaching contraceptives to students the bouncy information of STDs are in any case taught. Currently, out of all age groups, teenagers have the highest rates of sexually hereditary affections, with one in four young people contracting and STD by the age of twenty-one (DeCarlo).include in the STD category is the HIV virus, which is spreading at alarming rates among our teenage population. It is believed that at least twenty percent of new patients with AIDS were infected during their teenage or early adult years. And lock away some school leaders are trying to remove our best means of prevention of the disease sex education (Roye 581) Teachers are able to educate students with the correct information on the many types of sexually transmitted diseases that exist in the world today. False information about ways o f contracting diseases, symptoms of and treatments of STDs, and enlistment measures are weeded out and students receive the accurate information about sexually transmitted diseases.Protection of our children from sexually transmitted diseases should start in the classroom where it can be assured that the correct and critical information will be provided to them. Nobody likes to be talked to like they are a child, and by denying teenagers sexual education, schools are in a sense talking down to them. By teaching them the facts about sex, teenagers feel a sense of maturity because its a mature topic and they are fully aware of that. Students get the legal opinion that the adults in their lives feel that they are responsible enough to learn about this topic.Therefore bringing on more of a response from teenagers. They know they are being treated as adults so they are going to pay attention to what they are being taught and then act as adults and carry out what they were taught. Teena gers appreciate when adults treat them as equals, and anyone will see that children will always respond better to this than to being treated as a Much of the typical family structure in the United States and many other clothes in the world have deteriorated over the last century.A good portion of parents today are divorced and many of the families that havent experienced divorce live with both parents working full time jobs. Families today arent like the family on Leave It to Beaver, a sitcom that aired in the sixties the mother isnt kinsfolk all day baking and making sure that the house is clean. Since family structure has changed, so have the way children are being raised. Society cannot count on all parents to instill morals into their children and teach them the facts of life or even the difference between right and wrong these days. Parents just dont have the time for it. tardily the Vatican released a document stating that parents alone cannot give children the positive sex education they need to develop levelheaded attitudes towards sex (Euchner). Another view on the subject taken by the Nebraska Public give instruction system is that sex education in todays society is to complicated to be left to the varying influences of paternal attitudes and haphazard environmental exposure (Chaumont et al. ). Besides, even if the parent were around more often then not, the chances of a child approaching their parent about the bird and the bees is very unlikely.These children need to have a place were the information on this touchy subject is provided to them without them needing to ask. Kids dont go asking their parents, this is the only way for them to find out answers because they are to embarrassed to ask anyone else, says Pallodino, and eighteen-year-old from Virginia. (OHanlon B8). In order for children to grow up with the correct information regarding sex, it is incumbent to have sex education provided to them in schools.Even though sex education seems as if it can do no wrong, there still remain many opponents, including many authors who clearly express their view, that are still against it in our schools. There are many reasons why people feel like this, devil of which are they feel as if sex education does no good at all and another(prenominal) is that people feel that it is influencing students to have sex. Ellen Hopkins, author of Sex is for Adults, says that sex education does many great things , provided for the one thing we want it to do, make our children more responsible. (Hopkins 589).She feels as though the information that students are receiving is not having any influence on them. The feeling that sex education classes are influencing teenagers to have sex is a feeling that is shared by William Kilpatrick. He states that as the statistics show, American teenagers are living up to expectation. They are having more sex and using more condoms (Kilpatrick 597). These both individuals, along with many others, feel that sex education is doing more harm then it is good. Teenage sexual activity has been raising steadily for more than two decades until now. A recent field shows the first drop since the nineteen seventies.In 1990 girls that had engaged in sexual intercourse was at fifty-five percent, until 1995 when it dropped to fifty percent. The percentage of boys engaging in sexual intercourse also dropped by five percent. The use of condoms have tripled since the 1970s showing people are being safer about sex (Vobejda et al. A1). A poll done by Reuters show that eighty-two percent of the people who participated in the survey supported sex education in schools (Yahoo). Studies obviously show that sex education courses are fortune todays teenagers to become more responsible for their own actions.The information that sex education provides teenagers is indispensable. Schools are meant to educate our children in not just one topic but all topics. Why would anyone on the state poster of Education no t want to cover something comprehensively? Do we take that approach with bill or math? says Denice Bruce of Wichita, Kansas (Associated Press). Sexually educating our children is just important if not more important than math or history because sex education can mean the difference between life and death of your child.

Psychology Perspectives: Columbine Massacre

Perspectives of Psychology Understanding the Columbine murder In Psychology, there be statuss and onsetes that are looked into when trying to understand how the intricate human mind works. These perspectives are respectfully derived from different ideas and time periods, exemplifying different ways of view. These perspectives include sociocultural, biopsychological, psychodynamic, behaviorism, cognitive, and humanism. These approaches are critic solelyy intrinsic in solving something as serious as murder, or simply even why person acts the way they do.There are many instances where there will be shocking news stories about heap committing murderspeople that are so unexpected to do such(prenominal) harm. However, when the six perspectives are properly en forced, we washbowl infer and comprehend the situation and reasoning. These handy tactics and knowledge help us understand the central core reasons for even the most bizarre and deadliest cases such as the Columbine High Sch ool Massacre. This slaughterhouse is the worlds deadliest spirited school shooting that was embarked by two senior students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.The pair initially intended to pop out thousands of students, however the bomb did non go off as planned. Unfortunately, the malicious killers managed to kill twelve students, one teacher, and greatly injured 21 helpless students. Not single did they engage in such acts, nevertheless once they were satisfied with their spree, they committed suicide. This tragic event was greatly televised as it forced schools around the country to enforce strict laws of security.The unimagined acts of Eric and Dylan left e trulyone with many questions as to why these obviously normal students would take the lives of so many, and also themselves. However, we begin to understand how deceiving looks basis be as we late examine past the superficial surface of these two killers. A forward- looking at perspective in psychological science is t he sociocultural perspective, which accordingly combines two fields of consume social psychology, which is the study of social roles, actions, relationships and cultural psychology, which is the study of cultural norms, values, and expectations.These are closely tied due to the fact that they are twain about the outcome that people have on one another, either individually or in a bigger group as a broad culture (Peplau&Taylor, 1997). In short, First of all, sociocultural is a modern approach where culture, race, genders, and backgrounds are studied closely to better understand behavior. This sociocultural perspective is evident in this case, because according to psychologists, Kimmel and Mahler, the two shooters were white males who did not project the male gender roles other students possessed.According to USA Today, the shooters, Harris and Klebold, were seen as outcasts due to their unusual behavior and inability to conform to society. Harris and Klebold allegedly created a we bsite on how to commit crimes varying from theft to something as dangerous as bomb explosions. Both Kleboid and Harris were victims of bullying. I am operate to deal their unacceptance to society and perhaps their culture, enticed them to go on a killing spree. Also, I believe the violent messages displace by heavy metal music, violent televised movies and shows, and other subcultures also served as a factor for the massacre.More often than not, psychologists ponder on whether chemical imbalances can really affect the way a person acts and thinks, and how it can affect their flavorstyle. This perspective is known as the biopsychological perspective. This perspective is also fairly modern, as it focuses on influences of hormones, understanding sructures and chemicals, and diesaease. This be said, this approach is strictly thought that human and animal behavior is seen as a outcome from events going on inside the body (Ciccarelli, 2012). According to journalist, Dave Cullen of the New York periods, Dylan Kleboid was diagnosed with depression.The biological approach can be well implied in this situation because as stated earlier, his chemical imbalances acted as a hindrance in his life, creating more reason and desire to kill others, and also kill himself. The next theory is categorized as a less-modern perspective as it goes all the way back to the Victorian Era. This approach is based on Sigmund Freuds theory of psychodynamic, which focuses on the role of the unconscious(p) mind and its influence on conscious behavior, archaean childhood experiences, development of sense of self, and other motivations. Ciccarelli, 2012). In other words, this theory states that humans have an unconscious mind in which we repress all of our threatening urges and desires into. In effect of repressing urges, it creates nervous disorders. This approach greatly stresses the importance of beforehand(predicate) childhood experiences. I firmly believe that both boys, especia lly Klebold, oppress their urges and thoughts which created a dramatic lash-out. According to New York Times, Klebold had come from a very well educated family that had very high expectations for him.His childhood had been constricted to studying and since he was exposed to such lifestyle at such a young age, he grew accustomed to better his education. Kleboid showed no obvious signs of danger to his family, as he valued how he appeared to his parents. However though, he had a great drinking problem which caused major aggression. Harris, Klebolds good friend, was greatly interested in creating bombs. His childhood was not like Kleboldshis family was not as forceful of his studies, or close. Harris was diagnosed with depressionleading him to have suicidal thoughts.According to At the time of his death, he had unbelievable Luvox levels in his system. According to psychiatrist, Peter Breggin, these medications very likely have contributed to Harriss actions. Harris had been meticulous ly planning bombings but did not have the means of creating one. That is where his good friend and brains of the pair, Klebold, comes into play. The two boys lives are well exemplified and reinforced by the psychodynamic approach, as their childhood seemed to shape their lives as they grew older. The next approach is the behavioral perspective.This perspective is based on the early work of Watson and Skinner. Behaviorism concludes that the science of behavior must be directly seen and observed to be validated. This being said, we must ignore consciousness and focus on observable behavior. This approach is shown by the pair because both boys had been convicted of breaking into a van and stealing computers. According to Wikipedia. org, after breaking into the van, Harris blogged Why shouldnt we, the gods, have the repair to break into a van that some mother***** left in the middle of nowhere? This clear shows the behavior of the boys that can be observed, not inferred. This behavior is very violent, and it is clear that the boys show no self-reproach or guilt for their wrong-doings. Another less modern approach would be the cognitive approach. This approach focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language, and learning (Cicarelli, 2012). This perspective can be applied to Harris and Kleboids sitatuation by looking into their background and how that affects their thought processes and learning skills.As mentioned earlier, Kleboid was understandably bright. He was capable of creating bombs (although the bombings were unsuccessful) and devising a master plan. He carefully planned out the steps of what was happening. How can we be so sure? According to Time Magazine, Kleboid and Harris had been writing their step by step ways of creating a bomb. Not only so, but they clearly showed intent of killing thousands of students. I believe that this shows the boys had planned out a meticulous plan, also acknowledging the consequen ces, hence decided to kill themselves at the very end.At last, we have the Humanistic approach. This approach focuses on human potential, rationalize will, and responsibility. This approach is sought to highlight human values and self-actualization. Humanism proposes that the deeds we do in life are not driven by childhood experiences, influences, cultural background, genetics, or chemical imbalances but rather, it is driven by our will to be defined as a good or bad person. This perspective focuses on our underlying core values solely as individuals. This perspective can best be shown through the level of intellect the boys have.According to The Guardian, the boys have shown academic proficiency for a good part of their high school career. They were gifted in computer work, and were in charge of technical duties for school plays. With this being said, I believe the boys understood that their behavior is solely determined by their own will to be the type of person they aspire to be. Needless to say, I believe the boys were greatly influenced by their cultural background and society, but however, I also strongly believe Kleboid and Harris were intelligent enough to make their own decisionsengaging in good or bad behavior, reflecting their human values.Psychology is a very broad subject filled with long questions and theories. These perspectives, however, are greatly established and used on a day-by-day basis by not only psychologists, but investigators and sociologists as well. These perspectives help to understand and widen our knowledge of humans and animals. The six perspectives are all derived from different time periodsvarying from modern to not-so-modern theories and ideas. The perspectives help address problems and help widen critical thinking abilities, as well as understanding everyday behavior.

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Essay

Over the years, many researchers harbour dedicated their condemnation and energy to topic girlish intoxicantic toastic drink debauch. They have found that in that location be many factors that brook to childlike alcoholic beverage abuse. These factors be psychological, environmental, well-disposed, and cultural. Not all of these factors play a part in every(prenominal) puerile who abuses alcohol, but one of these factors is usually present. Psychological disorders have been found in both American, and mainland China adolescents who abuse alcohol. The health risks of adolescent alcohol abuse atomic number 18 great. alcoholic drink pertains the physiology of a young person.It disrupts the genetic science and hormonal balances that atomic number 18 critical in the early development of youngsters. Treatment of alcohol abuse is a great state of change and development. umpteen therapists, doctors and counselors are trying to incorporate untested intercession ideas and methods into the traditionalistic techniques that have been used for years now. It is important to research the factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse be caseful if these factors are detected early, and an adolescent is put into a prevention program the likelihood that they will abuse alcohol will greatly decrease. Psychological Factors.See muchManifest Destiny essayAccording to the research, there have been many psychological problems found in adolescents who abuse alcohol. The majority of the research has been through with(p) in order to solve the question of whether or not these psychological factors are present before an adolescent abuses alcohol, or after the alcohol abuse has occurred. In the research done by Rhode, Lewinsohn, and Seeley (1996), they used a community sample of 1,507 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The adolescents were classified into the categories of abstainers, experimenters, social drinkers, problem drinkers, and a buse and/or drug-addicted groups.In this turn over, 373 subjects met the criteria for natural depression, 15 were bipolar, 93 suffered from manic core symptoms, and 124 had an anxiety disorder (Rhode et al. , 1996). Furthermore, anxiety disorder and depression were psychological disorders that were more prevalent in female adolescents with alcohol abuse than their male counterparts. Males who maltreated alcohol tended to suffer from antisocial personality disorder. It is believed that females who suffer from anxiety disorder or depression use alcohol as a self-medication to make them feel better.According to Clark, and Bukstein (1998), one form of antisocial disorder know as conduct disorder lead adolescents to act out and seek out new pictures. This is credibly the reason why adolescent males with an antisocial disorder turn to alcohol abuse. According to Rhode (et al. , 1996), More than 80% of adolescents with an alcohol use disorder had an other(prenominal) psychiatric disor der. (p. 106). In his study, the alcohol abuse tended to preserve rather than proceed the psychiatric disorder. From this, it can be concluded that certain psychological disorders such as antisocial disorder, and depression are a factor in adolescent alcohol abuse.Environmental Factors Many studies have focused on the environmental factors that adolescents are exposed to, and how these factors lead to alcohol abuse. The aim of a study performed by Clark, Lesnick, and Hegedus (1997), Was to examine detriment history and other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol dependence or abuse and to compare them with a sample of community-dwelling adolescents without alcohol use disorder (p. 1746). This study included 256 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen (Clark et al. , 1997). boyishs who abused, or were dependent on alcohol reported more traumas then those in the control group.The types of abuse experienced by males and females tended to differ. Females expe rienced more sexual abuse, and males tended to be victims of violent acts. Both sexual abuse victims, and victims of violent acts showed increased counts of alcohol use than those adolescents who were not abused in any way. If subjects experienced a number of traumas, they tended to abuse alcohol more than those that experienced only(prenominal) one trauma or no trauma at all. From this study, it can be concluded that trauma and abuse leads to adolescent alcohol abuse. Social FactorsA study done on Latino and inexorable adolescents in the New York inner cities concluded that there were indeed social factors that contributed to adolescent alcohol abuse. The study used a sample of 4,874 Hispanic and African American seventh graders. The purpose of the study was to invest the social risk factors that promote adolescent alcohol abuse in Hispanic and African American (Epstein, Botvin, Baker, & Diaz, 1999). If an adolescents friends tended to drink on a consistent basis, he/she showe d a greater amount of alcohol abuse than those who did not associate with friends who did drink alcohol.Also, family members play a major part in adolescent alcohol abuse. The family is another social factor that contributes to adolescent alcohol abuse. If an adolescent saw their elevate consume alcohol, they also tended to abuse alcohol. Parents were not the only family members that influenced adolescent alcohol abuse siblings also had an influence. If a sibling abused alcohol, the adolescent models this abuse. Their findings were present in both Hispanic and African American adolescents. heathen factors.In the study done by Epstein and her collogues, cultural differences were also a factor in adolescent with alcohol abuse. According to Epstein (et al. , 1999), Hispanic adolescents consumed more alcohol per drinking occasion and had greater intention to drink in the future than black adolescents. This was true when the models were tested separately for girls and boys (p. 16). The use of alcohol among Hispanics could be collect to the fact that it whitethorn be a cultural practice that allows an adolescent to identify with their culture. Religion is another cultural factor that plays a role in adolescent alcohol abuse.African American religions find the consumption of alcohol a sin, so if an African American practices in their religion they are slight likely to abuse alcohol than someone who does not practice their religion. However, this was not a factor for Hispanic adolescent alcohol abuse. A final cultural difference may be that more Hispanic adolescents have immigrated to this country in past years than black adolescents have. Therefore Hispanic adolescents have had the added test of adapting to a new society. In turn Hispanic adolescents turn to alcohol abuse as a way of coping with their increased stress. mainland ChinaAll of the studies mentioned above were performed in the unify States. However, there have been studies done in other countries o n adolescent alcohol abuse. One study was done on adolescents living in Taiwan. The results were very interesting. Many of the factors that are presents in American adolescents were also found in adolescents living in Taiwan. According to Chong, Chan, and Cheng (1999), Among those successfully interviewed, 411 were males and 363 were females. Their mean age was 15. 23 years (p. 1389). Like American adolescents who abused alcohol, Taiwan adolescents also had psychological factors presents.The most common psychological disorders found in Taiwan adolescents were disruptive behavior disorder, depression, and antisocial disorder. These disorders were also present in American adolescents. Alcoholism and Health Adolescent alcohol abuse is recognized as a major health concern in the United States. According to Arria and Tarter (1991), It is likely that an older adolescents who first consumed alcohol in the preteen years will experience greater alcohol-related medical complications than will an adolescent who has been drinking for a shorter period of epoch (p. 52).Although the length of time that an adolescent has been drinking is a major factor related to health, it is not the only one. Other factors may include how much alcohol is consumed at one sitting, and just what age the adolescent began to drink. Very well-grounded drinking may cause accidental injury. And, drinking at an early age may cause gross developmental complications. Arriea and Tarter (1991) noted that many adolescents also experiment with other drugs, while they are to a lower place the influence of alcohol. Other drugs may range from marijuana to crack cocaine and LSD. Using alcohol and other drugs combined can cause serious health risks and concerns.One major concern of adolescent alcohol abuse is the resultant roles that abuse has on puberty. The results of the abuse may be most prevalent in the growth of the adolescent. It has been shown in both human and animal studies that alcohol consumpti on can stunt the personal growth of an adolescent approaching and during puberty. Arriea and Tarter (1991), stated that, normal physical growth is dependent on a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences (P. 53). Alcohol severely effects this interaction. Treatment Whenever we talk about(predicate) alcohol abuse with adolescents, we must talk about the treatment.Without proper treatment, the adolescent will end up in the same place over and over again. In the study done by Bukstein (1994), he stated that, treatment for adolescents currently are undergoing rapid changes,? , by reducing their costs and emphasizing little restrictive treatment modalities (p. 298). Many of the longer 28 or 38 day inpatient programs are being transformed into outpatient or partial hospitalization plans. Because these shorter programs have not been around long copious to gather information for testing, it is unable to tell if they are going to have any kind of affect on the adolescents rehabilitation.I feel that these cuts will have a negative effect on the treatment of youngsters. I think that these shorter programs may plough for adults, but they will not work well with the adolescents because of the emotional immaturity present in young people. While many researchers believe that traditional treatment programs are the key, there has been some interest in alternative programs. According to Bukstein (1994), many programs are beginning to integrate an array of, family or behavioral treatments, health services, vocational and educational services, and recreational activities in addition to 12-step principles (p.299).This kind of treatment combines traditional 12-step programs with new innovative ideas of reaching the child through unlike activities. Once again, this kind of treatment is not yet able to be tested because of its immaturity. It will be very interesting to see what kind of affect this treatment will have. Conclusion There are many factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse. These factors may be psychological, environmental, social, or cultural. If these factors were detected in an adolescent at an early age, it could prevent the adolescent form abusing alcohol.Health problems due to heavy alcohol abuse could also be prevented if these factors are detected early enough. Treatment is a crucial part of dealings with an adolescent that is suffering from alcohol abuse. I believe that much research must be done to ensure that methods are being executed properly. There has been some effort to combine new treatment with traditional ones. I believe that this is a good thing. It will be interesting to see if this new treatment will help. References Arria, Amelia M. , Tarter, Ralph E. (1991). The effects of alcohol abuse on the health of adolescents.Alcohol Health and seek World, 15 (1), 52-57. Bukstein, Oscar G. (1994). Treatment of adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health and Research World, 18 (4), 296-301. Chong, M. Y. , Chan, K. W. , & Cheng, A. T. A. (1999). mall use disorders among adolescents in Taiwan Prevalence, sociodemeographic correlates and psychiatric co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 26 (6), 1387-1396. Clark, D. , Lesnick, L. , & Hegedus, A. (1997). Traumas and Other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (12), 1744-1751.Clark, D. , & Bukstein, O. (1998). Psychopathology in adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health & Research World 22 (2), 117-121. Epstein, J. , Botvin, G. , & Diaz, T. (1999). Impact of social influences and problem behavior on alcohol use among inner-city hispanic and black adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60 (5), 595-604. Rhode, P. , Lewinsohn, P. , & Seeley, J. R. (1996). Psychiatric comoribidity with problematic alcohol use in high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychia try 35 (1), 101-109. Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Juvenile Delinquency.

Balance Sheet and Income Statement Analysis

BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENT- list the unalike financial statements (BS*, IS, logical argument of stockholders comeliness, and related notes) -Identify the dissimilar components of the BS (Assets current and long term Liabilities current and long term stockholders honor preferred stock, common stock, PIC, treasury stock) -Identify the contrastive component of the IS (Gross profit, earnings before interest and evaluatees, interest expense, income tax expense, income from continuing operations, discontinued activities, extraordinary items) -Identify within the IS, BS and Stockholders justness statement comprehensive income,OCI and accumulated OCIPPE-Identify the different components of PPE (property, plant, equipment) and related accumulation depreciation. Locate the depreciation methods and estimates used for the calculations. -Identify valuation basis (market value or historic costs) and describe the wrong testing procedure for PPE. -Identify the amount of depreciation expense in the IS (or the notes) Compute positiveness ratios and provide a short analysis (see exercise 10-26B).INTANGIBLES-Identify the different components of Intangible assets (marketing, customer, contractual, technological, goodwill) and related accumulation amortization (if available). Locate the amortization methods and estimates used for the calculations. -Identify if they have definite or indefinite life Describe the impairment testing procedure for PPE. -Identify the amount of amortization expense in the IS (or the notes)LIABILITIES Identify current liabilities (including contingencies) in the BS Identify the LT liabilities (nature and the total amount) in the BS Identify the amount of interest expense in the IS What eccentric contingencies are disclosed, their probability of occurrence and their range of estimate. Determine the number of LT debts (loans, bonds etc), related maturity date and tell of interest (coupon for bonds) and amount. Compute solvency and liq uidity ratios and provide a short analysis.STOCKOLDERS EQUITY Identify the types of shares, the number of shares authorized, issued and large(p) (if each, treasury stock) and PIC. For PS, identify the stated rate, covenants/characteristics. Locate Dividends in the BS and SE (2schedules) and IS. Identify which types of dividends have been issued (Cash? Stock, divulge? Other?) Identify Accumulated OCI in 2 schedules (BS and statement of stockholders Equity). Explain briefly the different of Stockholders Equity Statement Apply ratios related to chapter 13 (end of ppt presentation) and provide a short analysis.CHAPTER 14 INVESTMENTS Identify the different investments in the BS and related notes (Debt and Equity), then by classification (Held to Maturity, Trading or Available for sale) Identify in SE section of the BS the accumulated OCI, then locate in Stockholders Equity Statement, the different movement of OCI (BB +/- changes). Identify in the IS the OCI component (if any) a nd comprehensive income. Check for investment between 20-50% that use the equity method (see notes) Check for impairment testing for investmentsCHAPTER 17 LEASING Identify the capital lease assets and liabilities in the BS and related interest expense plus depreciation expense in the IS. Identify if there is any operating lease. What is the nature of every lease (sales-type or direct-financing) and related financial conditions. Identify the lease payments for the neighboring 5 years and the different categories of leased assets.*BS = Balance Sheet IS = Income Statement SE = Stockholders Equity statement (or statement of changes in equity)